For a stationary spacetime metric, black holes are spatial regions out of which disturbances do not propagate. In our previous work an existence and regularity theorem was proven for black holes in two space dimensions, in the case where the boundary of the ergoregion is a simple closed curve surrounding a singularity. In this paper we study the case of an annular ergoregion, whose boundary has two components.

Universal kinematics as mathematical objects may be interesting for astrophysics, because there exists a hypothesis that, in the large scale of the Universe, physical laws (in particular, the laws of kinematics) may be different from the laws acting in a neighborhood of our solar System. The present paper is devoted to investigation of self-consistent translational motion of reference frames in abstract universal kinematics. In the case of self-consistent translational motion we can give a clear and unambiguous definition of displacement as well as the average and the instantaneous speed of the reference frame. Hence the uniform rectilinear motion is a particular case of self-consistent translational motion. So, the investigation of self-consistently translational motion is technically necessary for definition of classes of inertially-related reference frames (being in the state of uniform rectilinear mutual motion) in universal kinematics. In the paper we investigate the correlations between self-consistent translational motion and definiteness of time direction for reference frames in universal kinematics.

We investigate elliptic boundary-value problems for which the maximum of the orders of the boundary operators is equal to or greater than the order of the elliptic differential equation. We prove that the operator corresponding to an arbitrary problem of this kind is bounded and Fredholm between appropriate Hilbert spaces which form certain two-sided scales and are built on the base of isotropic Hörmander spaces. The differentiation order for these spaces is given by an arbitrary real number and positive function which varies slowly at infinity in the sense of Karamata. We establish a local a priori estimate for the generalized solutions to the problem and investigate their local regularity (up to the boundary) on these scales. As an application, we find sufficient conditions under which the solutions have continuous classical derivatives of a given order.

We study the most general class of linear boundary-value problems for systems of $r$-th order ordinary differential equations whose solutions range over the complex H\"older space $C^{n+r,\alpha}$, with $0\leq n\in\mathbb{Z}$ and $0<\alpha\leq1$. We prove a constructive criterion under which the solution to an arbitrary parameter-dependent problem from this class is continuous in $C^{n+r,\alpha}$ with respect to the parameter. We also prove a two-sided estimate for the degree of convergence of this solution to the solution of the corresponding nonperturbed problem.

Let $\mathfrak H$ be a Hilbert space and let $A$ be a symmetric linear relation (in particular, a nondensely defined operator) in $\mathfrak H$. By using the concept of a boundary triplet for $A^*$ we characterize symmetric extensions $\widetilde A\supset A$ preserving the multivalued part of $A$. Such a characterization is given in terms of an abstract boundary parameter and the Weyl function of the boundary triplet. Application of these results to the Hamiltonian system $Jy'-B(t)y=\lambda\Delta(t) y$ enabled us to describe its matrix solutions generating the generalized Fourier transform with the nonempty set of respective spectral functions.

We give necessary and sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of a solution to inverse eigenvalues problems for Jacobi matrix with given mixed initial data. We also propose effective algorithms for solving these problems.