A. A. Murach

We consider an elliptic problem with unknowns on the boundary of the domain of the elliptic equation and suppose that the right-hand side of this equation is square integrable and that the boundary data are arbitrary (specifically, irregular) distributions. We investigate local (up to the boundary) properties of generalized solutions to the problem in Hilbert distribution spaces that belong to the refined Sobolev scale. These spaces are parametrized with a real number and a function that varies slowly at infinity. The function parameter refines the number order of the space. We prove theorems on local regularity and a local a priori estimate of generalized solutions to the problem under investigation. These theorems are new for Sobolev spaces as well.

We investigate elliptic boundary-value problems for which the maximum of the orders of the boundary operators is equal to or greater than the order of the elliptic differential equation. We prove that the operator corresponding to an arbitrary problem of this kind is bounded and Fredholm between appropriate Hilbert spaces which form certain two-sided scales and are built on the base of isotropic Hörmander spaces. The differentiation order for these spaces is given by an arbitrary real number and positive function which varies slowly at infinity in the sense of Karamata. We establish a local a priori estimate for the generalized solutions to the problem and investigate their local regularity (up to the boundary) on these scales. As an application, we find sufficient conditions under which the solutions have continuous classical derivatives of a given order.

We study the spectrum of the one-dimensional Schrödinger operator $H_0$ with a matrix singular distributional potential $q=Q'$ where $Q\in L^{2}_{\mathrm{loc}}(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{C}^{m})$. We obtain generalizations of Ismagilov's localization principles, which give necessary and sufficient conditions for the spectrum of $H_0$ to be bounded below and discrete.

We consider the most general class of linear boundary-value problems for ordinary differential systems, of order $r\geq1$, whose solutions belong to the complex space $C^{(n+r)}$, with $0\leq n\in\mathbb{Z}.$ The boundary conditions can contain derivatives of order $l$, with $r\leq l\leq n+r$, of the solutions. We obtain a constructive criterion under which the solutions to these problems are continuous with respect to the parameter in the normed space $C^{(n+r)}$. We also obtain a two-sided estimate for the degree of convergence of these solutions.

We investigate elliptic boundary-value problems with additional unknown functions on the boundary of a Euclidean domain. These problems were introduced by Lawruk. We prove that the operator corresponding to such a problem is bounded and Fredholm on two-sided refined scales built on the base of inner product isotropic H\"ormander spaces. The regularity of the distributions forming these spaces are characterized by a real number and an arbitrary function that varies slowly at infinity in the sense of Karamata. For the generalized solutions to the problem, we prove theorems on a priori estimates and local regularity in these scales. As applications, we find new sufficient conditions under which the solutions have continuous classical derivatives of a prescribed order.

Parameter-elliptic boundary-value problems are investigated on the extended Sobolev scale. This scale consists of all Hilbert spaces that are interpolation spaces with respect to a Hilbert Sobolev scale. The latter are the Hörmander spaces $B_{2,k}$ for which the smoothness index $k$ is an arbitrary radial function RO-varying at $+\infty$. We prove that the operator corresponding to this problem sets isomorphisms between appropriate Hörmander spaces provided the absolute value of the parameter is large enough. For solutions to the problem, we establish two-sided estimates, in which the constants are independent of the parameter.

We give an application of interpolation with a function parameter to parabolic differential operators. We introduce a refined anisotropic Sobolev scale that consists of some Hilbert function spaces of generalized smoothness. The latter is characterized by a real number and a function varying slowly at infinity in Karamata's sense. This scale is connected with anisotropic Sobolev spaces by means of interpolation with a function parameter. We investigate a general initial--boundary value parabolic problem in the refined Sobolev scale. We prove that the operator corresponding to this problem sets isomorphisms between appropriate spaces pertaining to this scale.

Parameter--elliptic pseudodifferential operators given on a closed smooth manifold are investigated on the extended Sobolev scale. This scale consists of all Hilbert spaces that are interpolation spaces with respect to a Hilbert--Sobolev scale. We prove that these operators set isomorphisms between appropriate spaces of the scale provided the absolute value of the parameter is large enough. For solutions to the corresponding parameter--elliptic equations, we establish two-sided a priori estimates, in which the constants are independent of the parameter.

We prove that the classical Menshov--Rademacher, Orlicz, and Tandori theorems remain true for orthogonal series given in the direct integrals of measurable collections of Hilbert spaces. In particular, these theorems are true for the spaces $L_{2}(X,d\mu;H)$ of vector-valued functions, where $(X,\mu)$ is an arbitrary measure space, and $H$ is a real or complex Hilbert space of an arbitrary dimension.

A general form of the Lions-Magenes theorems on solvability of an elliptic boundary-value problem in the spaces of nonregular distributions is proved. We find a general condition on the space of right-hand sides of the elliptic equation under which the operator of the problem is bounded and has a finite index on the corresponding couple of Hilbert spaces. Extensive classes of the spaces satisfying this condition are constructed. They contain the spaces used by Lions and Magenes and many others spaces.

Douglis-Nirenberg elliptic systems of linear pseudodifferential equations are studied on a smooth closed manifold. We prove that the operator generated by the system is a Fredholm one on the refined two-sided scale of the functional Hilbert spaces. Elements of this scale are the special isotropic spaces of H\"{o}rmander--Volevich--Paneah. The refined smoothness of a solution of the system is studied. The elliptic systems with a parameter are investigated as well.

The interpolation of couples of separable Hilbert spaces with a function parameter is studied. The main properties of the classical interpolation are proved. Some applications to the interpolation of isotropic Hörmander spaces over a closed manifold are given.